![]() Nuclear Overhauser Effect Changes resonance line intensities through cross-relaxation from neighboring spins with perturbed energy level populations ! For 1H, NOE occurs when nuclei are within 5-6 Å of each other ! NOESY: through-space transfer of nuclear spin polarization The 1D NMR spectrum for the compound tells us a lot… but examining the 2D spectrum tells us even more! Cross peaks: self-coupling Dia peaks: coupling between nuclei separated by 2-3 bondsĬOSY: spin coupling occurs through chemical bonds (2-3 bond separation between nuclei) The electrons around each nucleus create an induced magnetic field that shields the nuclei from the effects of the applied magnetic field electronegative atoms near a nucleus can cause deshieldingĭ = doublet, t = triplet, sx = sextuplet, m = multipletĢ) multiplicity: - how many adjacent nuclei (2-3 bond separation) are splitting the peak for each nucleus?ģ) area under peak: - how many hydrogen nuclei are represented by each peak? ![]() How to interpret a COSY spectrum (and NMR spectra in general)Įxample here is from DMD 2008 vol. Varying evolution periods can show which spins are coupled to one another ![]() Use of NOESY to determine small molecule and protein structures ![]()
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